Saturday 23 November 2019

Print Media on JNU Protests


The threat to the idea of a public university
Avijit Pathak is Professor of Sociology at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
20 Nov 2019 – The Hindu

JNU, truly national

Chandan Yadav is a former JNU student and currently Secretary, All India Congress Committee
21 Nov 2019 – The Hindu

Should we do away with subsidies for higher education?

Inclusiveness and equity are very important characteristics of a good public institution.
Yoginder K. Alagh is an economist and former Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University; Shyam Menon is a Professor at the Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi and former Vice-Chancellor, Ambedkar University
22 Nov 2019 – The Hindu



Police Round Up Students in India's Capital as Fee Protests Grow

By Reuters
Writing by Zeba Siddiqui
NY Times on 18 Nov 2019


The Age of Authoritarianism
Why the rage at JNU?
These days, our public universities are surrounded by police, show cause notices and charge-sheets, and the intellectual poverty of petty administrators
Avijit Pathak
(The writer is Professor of Sociology, JNU)    
Deccan Herald – 14 Nov 2019
But then, it is sad to see the role of our administrators. They have ceased to be teachers and communicators. There is no trace of Paulo Freire or M K Gandhi in their deserted souls. As they see every act of resistance as a ‘law and order’ problem, they miss the opportunity to enter the inner world of young minds: their academic aspirations amid societal pressures, their quest for self-actualization amid the tyranny of authoritarian personalities,


Malaise in higher education: The JNU Protest
Bhaskar Kumar, Prannv Dhawan, (The writers are students of the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru) 
Deccan Herald - NOV 21 2019




JNU doesn’t take things lying down
Deccan Herald Editorial – 16 Nov 2019



Stop bullying the JNU students


Pritish Nandy
– Nov 20, 2019, Times of India


The Bid To Unmake JNU

60% of those admitted in 2018-19 were SC/ST/OBC; 40% were from families earning under Rs 12,000 p.m.

India Today – 22 Nov 2019
-Sucharita Sen is a professor at the Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, JNU.



Ironies and barricades: How between JNU and BHU, we see the brutal distance that separates us as a nation

Written by Saikat Majumdar |
Indian Express – 22 Nov 2019
Majumdar, author of ‘The Firebird’, teaches world literature at Stanford University, US


Written by Parnal Chirmuley
Indian Express – 21 Nov 2019
The writer is associate professor, Centre of German Studies, JNU



Print Media Opinions, Op-Eds, Editorials - Whats Missing?


All the above i have pasted are NOT the News Headlines. They are Opinions, Op-EDs and Editorials. Much of them are authored by the JNU professors. Some of them non-JNU but carrying same opinion. 

I went through every one of them. They all are same. There is no counter opinion at all. "The Hindu" carries a debate among 3 professors. But pretty much no divergent views at all. And by the way, they all say, Government is stifling their voice!!! 

The ENGLISH PRINT MEDIA is so opinionated that it is quite scary. The Hindu for example is carrying every day opinion on this subject steadfastly. It is giving so much importance to this protest that nothing else is of such national importance!  

Casually checking around urban English speaking middle class, very few people read these opinions. They are highly influenced by what they get in their Whatsapp and Facebook more than these English Print Media opinions. And even most of the English daily readers are also not in support of the violent protests by the JNU despite reading these articles. 


It looks like, that the hooligan students of JNU create ruckus. Then the Professors write sophisticated English articles for all the leading English Dailies and Weeklies about their right to protest. Some guy even quotes, MK Gandhi is being missed. They paint the administrators as tyrants with no heart. They do not utter a word about the hooliganism of students upon administrators, police and authorities. 

These are articles completely avoid talking of: 
- Students detaining in-humanly an asst. professor for a full day
- Students desecrating Swami Vivekananda Statue in the campus
- Their disruption to normalcy & traffic on main roads of Delhi
- Students heckling the minister visiting

MK Gandhi did hunger strike. Why dont these poor students take up to hunger strike? If not hunger strike at least silent strike?!

Despite being such violent students how are they getting so much media space & sympathy? Despite Social Media being so much against them, why English print media is steadfastly behind them? Isn't it run by economics of readership? OR is there a parallel economics for the Print Media?





Sunday 10 November 2019

Meghalaya – An Empowered State

Meghalaya is the first state usually people choose to go to when they plan to do the North East India tourism. Its easy approach, connectivity, friendly people, tourism friendly infrastructure makes it an ideal destination.

And our Gangu made it even more easy as he specializes NE tourism for South Indians! He is my college friend. He packaged the entire tour for us. He visited us before, understood our requirement and planned based on that. Especially we visited places less crowded but pristine & natural. He specializes in unexplored places.

Meghalaya is south of Assam and comes before the mighty Brahmaputra. It may be a reason for easy access. However, it is hilly. Not all parts of the state is open for tourism. There is much to explore in the areas open for tourism itself. Many places we visited hardly had any crowd. Much details of tourism with album and video is given in this blog. But I was especially intrigued by the society, its structure, their culture & how they have protected it despite rampant faith conversions. It is a unique experience for me to be touring in a state in India yet no pilgrim centre, no connect to Hindu mythology, no mutt, no temple, yet the people are thoroughly Indian & I can easily connect with them culturally.


The Tour

The tour photos and albums are below:

Video showing how to get to the Double Decker Live Root Bridge; and why it is built
Video showing the engineering marvel of Living Root Bridge
Album of Photos


Following was our brief 6 day itinerary:

Date
Tour Details
2-Oct
Landed in Guwahati, direct flight from BLR to GAU thanks to UDAN Scheme by Modi ji, now aam janata can fly to many tourist places easily in India.
Covered Kamakya temple in Guwahati. It was well decked like a bride on the occasion of Navrathri.
Then drove down to Shillong and rested there
3-Oct
Shillong to Chirrapunji driving down south.
Following Covered:
Mawphlang Sacred Forest - one of 100s of such sacred forest maintained by Khasi tribe as God
Mawkdok Dympep view point with Khasi dressing - Amazing View of clouds, valleys, falls, pristine forest
Nohkalikai Falls - India's Longest single drop falls; We can see clouds forming out of its droplets and floating away
4-Oct
Covered:
1. Arwah caves - Very deep and long; Kids had a lot to learn and get amazed. Fossils, streams running down, Unique formations, absolute darkness, complex diversions, low clearing, very high clearing;
2. Garden of Caves - Many falls and caves; Well maintained, tourist friendly, safe and fun
3. Wei Saw Dont Falls (3 tier falls) - Small trek down tough trail. Beautiful falls, mildly adventorous to reach; absolute fun to play in waters; no crowd
4. Dianthlen Falls - Milky waterfalls in the moon light. Beautiful view; We cross just over a pool that makes this falls to go to the view point. Then wonder how that small pool made such a magnificient falls
5-Oct
Jenailar Falls - View from far
Lyngksiar Falls - Pristine blue waters, everyone played in waters, trek to the falls is through slush & grassland; Great adventure and fun; No crowd in the midst of forest
Mawsmai Caves - Popular tourist spot. Lot of crowd. Amazing formations of Stalactite & stalagmite over many millenia.
6-Oct
We split as groups. One group went to treck down to the worlds only double decker live root bridge. It is about 3000 steps down and climb up. Not for the faint hearted
Other group went to Bangla Boarder & covered Mawlynnong - asia's cleanest village; As such every village, town, hotels are clean; Locals there are extremely cleanliness conscious people
7-Oct
Headed back from Chirrapunji to Guwahati.
Covered Umiam Lake in Shillong;
Visited Umananda temple in river island of Brahmaputra. Touched the great waters and felt blessed.
Caught flight back to BLR


The People – Empowered Administration

The people are very friendly and soft spoken. They are comfortable with English. When we visited the sacred forest the guide was a local Khasi Christian. He explained that the stone erects inside and outside of the forest are their ancestors memorials. Now they don’t follow that tradition. However, they protect the forests as gods. It is the duty of the community youth to protect it. They don’t allow anyone to take anything from these community protected forest areas. Even a fallen leaf is attractive for us to pick and bring home as souvenir but are disallowed by those ever vigilant young guardians of their GOD! Even those who are Christian converts follow that tradition.

In the administration, although they have embraced elections, MLA, MP, etc., they do have kings & kingdom concepts carried forward from their ancestry. But they are more complementary and not conflicting. The government helps in infrastructure viz., roads, schools, hospitals, administration etc.,

The businesses and industries however have to be cleared by the local chiefs. That way people are fully empowered. The local chief’s decisions are weighed upon by the people’s welfare and impact. That is why you don’t see too much nature exploitation, big industries, factories, large scale mining in the state. Hope it remains so. However small scale rat hole mining by locals can be seen ( may be supported by the local chief). Tourism is flourishing. Still has great potential to grow there. In every business set up the locals get preference. If a local wants to set up a business in a town or a tourist place, he will be cleared.  If a non-local wants to set up a business, he will be asked to get clearance from his locality, why is not able to set up business there. That way they keep a healthy competition to provide their youth opportunities locally. The kings are obligated to provide freedom & empowerment to youth. Else they have a king waiting in line to topple him in the same locality through peaceful ‘selection’.

One of our local guide was the last one of his 10 siblings. All of them & their spouses are locally employed in various ways. He was a non-converted Khasi. He said there would be inter marriages amongst their converted and non-converted khasi tribes. The mother of the bride decide what tradition to follow usually. In their society the mother is dominant and decides the lineage, property rights etc., I asked him if the converted Christians tell them to discard their rituals and god. He said, the general people are good and don’t bother much, but he particularly dislikes the pastors as they are overbearing upon them and their freedom.

The statistics say majority as Christians. I could see every other corner had a big church, but i hardly saw them open. People said they run away from pastors. There is a very big Ramakrishna mission school and is rated the best in that region. Few other Christian schools also running full. Nobody had any bearing of any religion on his or her appearance, be it Khasi, Christian or any others. They are just happy & content people who know their destiny is just to be there and enjoy the nature and its beauty. God bless them and let them have strength to withstand the outside world’s lure. 


Sunday 11 August 2019

Did Kashmiri Hindu Genocide happen by Design?


Now that the article 370 & along with that the draconian article 35A are abrogated by a bold move by the Narendra Modi government, it is a celebration for entire India. Kashmir Muslims in small number are rejoicing, but a large section is yet to realize the fruits of freedom. Surely soon they will start realizing it and embrace it. The 3 families – Abdullas, Muftis and Geelanis are the only mourners. Of course, some sympathizers of those families across India are also hurt.

The real jubilation is amongst the Kashmiri Hindus, although it may take more time for normalcy to settle for their return to their ancestral land. They have gone through the worst. India is with them. Concerted and continuous efforts to give them dignity and independence is yielding now. One day they will become legislators, judges, and head of institutions in their own land. India is with them.

It is important to know the history of the Kashmiri Hindu Genocide in the recent history.


Did the Exodus happen by Design?  


The Islamic Fundamentalism started it all:
The over appeasement of the JKLF and various separatist groups by Farooq Abdulla, the then chief minister of the state of J&K in the 1987 time frame started emboldening the militants. What started as a Liberation movement for J&K slowly morphed into Islamic Caliphate. Different groups including Hizbul Mujahideen supported and incited by the Pakistan formed Muslim United Front, which is now called as Hurriyat Conference. Their common enemy became India, Central government, Security forces, Kashmiri Hindus. The Kashmiri Hindus became easy and plum targets. The first victim was Pandit Tika Lal Taploo, who was an advocate and a BJP member. The terrorists murdered him in his home in Srinagar. After that Nilkanth Ganjoo, Srinagar High Court Judge was shot dead. These happened in succession in 1989 sending fears amongst the Kashmiri Hindus as they were targeted by the terrorists.  

Then the politics played its part.
-          Mufti Mohammad Sayeed fell out with Farooq Abdulla who was in alliance with Rajiv Gandhi’s INC. Mufti won MP elections and became the first Muslim Union Home Minister in VP Singh Cabinet
-          2nd Dec 1989 he becomes Union Home Minister. 8th Dec his daughter was kidnapped and released on 13th Dec just in 2hrs after the terrorists were released in exchange. How did she appear from his home in 2hrs after terrorists’ release?
-          Subsequently some more drama of ‘important’ people’s kidnap and terrorists release in exchange happened in a flurry.
-          While all these happened where was Farooq Abdulla? He resigned, as Chief Minister for a petty reason that the Governor appointed was his bete noire. Mufti Sayeed perticulary chose him and VP Singh approved for this reason. So Mufti got full free hand on Kashmir politics through the Governor.

Then the Society & Administration played its part:
-          Terrorists got emboldened. Mosques started giving a call for expelling the Kashmiri Hindus. The local muslim/ urdu news papers called on expulsion of Kashmiri Hindus.
-          The Muslim neighbors were known for their soft Islam. Kashmir was known for its Sufi Kashmiriyat. But they turned hostile. They started alienating Hindus. They stopped shopping with them, stopped visiting them, stopped selling things to them.
-          They bought into the narrative by the mullas and politicians that India is our enemy and Hindus are their agents.
-          The administration didn’t take any action on the murders of Taploo and Nilkanth Ganjoo.
-          The open threat calls in street pamphlets, in news papers were not heeded to by any police. The department shut its eyes and ears for any complains of threat and intimidation on its citizens.
-          The administration played its part with the Mufti, Abdulla and Geelani politics. Nobody cared for any citizen rights and peace

The exodus happened by lakhs. The figures put are anywhere between 2 lakhs to 6 lakhs. The exodus happened by design. Was Mufti Mohammad Sayeed the Architect? Did the others just played their part as per the design?


Where was BJP while Exodus happened?


BJP was busy with the Ramjanmabhoomi agenda. The Advani Ji’s ratha yathra was in full swing. The BJP with its 80+ seats in parliament did not join the National Front of VP Singh in Government. It supported Government from outside. Had it joined, may be Advani Ji would have become Home Minister and this sinister design of Muftis would not have happened. But alas!

BJP did take up the plight of the Kashmiri Hindus on later days. Ektha Yatra of Murli Manohar Joshi in which Narendra Modi also played significant part as a grass root level organizer took up the task of Unfurling the National Flag in Lal Chowk of Srinagar. It created the awareness of the plight of the Hindus as refugees in their own country.

Then the Sangh Pariwar put up concerted efforts to trumpet against the article 370. It was recognized that article 370 was the root of the problems perpetrated. Its draconian design was to keep the Kashmiri’s under duress all the time with no political freedom.

The VHP and others lent a hand for the Hindu refugees to set up their camps and provide shelter. Some of these were activists in AAP storming to power too. Although Prashanth Bhushan the SC advocate & close aide of Kejriwal of AAP, fights for the Kashmiri Muslims, AAP stood by the abrogation of the article 370.


How will abrogation of Article 370 help the Hindus now?


It is not due to Article 370, that the Hindu exodus happened.

The Kashmiri Hindus exodus happened mainly due to the following:
-          Islamic fundamentalism, Kashmiri Muslims paying into the sinister design and
-          The Politics by 3 strong families of the valley
-          Entire India’s apathy towards Kashmir, Jammu & Ladakh

The abrogation of Article 370 addresses only the last reason. It has raised the awareness across India 4 Kashmir. But that can kill the other 2 above reasons as well over time. Firstly, the rest of India will show empathy towards alternative politics. It gives raise to political freedom. Already the victims of terrorism are standing for elections. Some of them through BJP ticket! While BJP is untouchable for the rest of Indian Muslims, nearly 200 Kashmiri Muslims are panchayat presidents in the valley through BJP ticket.

In the 1990s the Hindus were tortured, torched in broad day light. Through the 2000 till now, tens of thousands of honest policeman who tried to capture terrorists were brutally killed. Their families are intimidated. Those youth who go to join terrorism & die are hailed as martyrs, while the policemen who died in the operation are forgotten. In this land of fear and intimidation, imagine someone standing for an election which is boycott by the 3 powerful families in the valley and threat by the terrorist organizations!  Imagine the plight of the family members and friends. Imagine how they campaigned? Which printing press would have dared to print their pamphlets? Who would have opened the BJP office in the valley & run it boldly?

If alternate leaders can come up and give a fitting fight, that’s it, the democracy will be established. The real transfer of power to the people would happen. The Kashmiri Muslims would come out of the clutches of the Islamic Fundamentalism. They would come out of the clutches of the 3 patriarch families.

Then it will lead to the real integration of Kashmir into the principles of freedom & democracy of India. Then integration of Hindus into the valley is just a byproduct.


Relevant Links:


While all the facts and figures are taken from internet, profusely from Wikipedia, the inference and story line is by me. Am particularly inspired by this bold man called – Pushpendra Kulashreshta. He through his NGO has filed PIL about the validity of Article 35A in Supreme court. The verdict was supposed to come in late 2018 itself but was pushed for unknown reasons. The case is still pending for verdict. But now that it is abrogated, passed in parliament more legitimately than it was constituted through only presidential order, it should be an easy case for SC.



Another great gambler in the game is BJP s Ram Madhav. PDP says he is the BJP’s face. NC, Hurriyat and even the Pakistanis say he is the BJP face for them. The foreign media BBC, CNN call him for BJP views and stand on the Kashmir. But he is not the face of BJP cabinet! It is Amit Shah who stole all the lime light & may be rightly so.

RSS has done a great thing. It has formed various forums, NGO s to fight and bring about the Kashmiri plight to end. The J&K Study centre has done a tremendous job of bringing in all constitutional experts, advocates, historians, students, university professors to debate and come up with solution. Abrogration of 370 through a simple presidential order, was widely debated in these forums. It was not a surprise for those who knew the process. But it is the guts of Modi and Shah which was the need of the hour to abrogate it. And they did it! Kudos to India for having such great guns at the helm! Kudos to India to entrust the job to them democratically.


Look at the spike in 1989; Kargil happened in 1999. Pakistan lost face; US put pressure; 9/11 happened in 2001 in US; US asked Pak to support Afghan rout and defocus from Kashmir. Insurgency declined post 2003; Again in 2013-14-15 insurgency raised. Then India did Demonetization; It was a surgical strike on terror funding; Stone pelting stopped. Now it is time to recover complete normalcy.

Another influence is Shefali Vaidya. She in her talks in the India4Kashmir forum has told we must recognize all India's indigenous groups as Hindus. By differentiating our own Hindu brethren as Kashmir Pandits, Kannada Lingayats, Tamil Jalli Kattu Warriors, Ayyappa devotees, we are letting the Secularists, Communists, Islamists and Christians to separate each of us, ridicule and erase our culture easily one by one. I have personally seen Ayyappa Devotees ridiculing VHPs efforts to rebuild Ram temple. I have heard the RSS karyakarthas in UP showing indifference to the Sabarimala issue. It is our disunity which will cause our own downfall. Hence in this article I have referred Kashmiri Hindus as Kashmiri Hindus & not just pandits. 




Sunday 10 February 2019

Is Yogyakarta on your must visit list?


Next time when you plan your trip to Bali or Singapore, I highly recommend you to keep Yogyakarta on your itinerary. It is ancient city on the Java Island. It has direct air connectivity from many key South Asian cities.

Why Yogya or Jogjya as the locals stylishly call it? For many reasons. Foremost for an Indian, it has many heritage connecting to our Indian roots. Aside the heritage part, it has many tourist attractions for adventurists. There is a live volcanic mountain nearby. There is a cave tour for adventurists in the midst of thick tropical forest.

Indian Roots


Java islands are completely Muslim dominated today. Almost 90% are Muslims. The city of Yogya is comparable to something like Mysore in size and population. This is a tropical city. Hence you see thick vegetation, thick population & salubrious climate. The roads, traffic, myriad two wheelers, cars, jeeps are very much like India. There is hardly any Indians. Even the Indian tourists are hard to come by. I don’t see any Indian brands also. Comparatively, many European cities have Indians running shops, restaurants etc., But here none. Even the tourist driver also quipped that he has some Srilankan tourists but hardly any Indians.
But we see many brands with Indian names! Ramayana Textiles is very common like Megamart, Big Bazar in our towns. Even in villages as we passed by we saw Saraswathi Tutions!, Pandava Jewellers etc., !! They are all run by Muslims. They say those names are from their ancestors. The people are very friendly. In fact when we went to Borobudur, the students flanked around us to take selfies as we were friendly foreigners! My teenage son was feeling shy and embarrassed but gracefully posing!!

My driver told in highly broken difficult English, that many of the words in Javanese language are common with Sanskrit like Madhu, Kursi, Uthara etc.,! He knew about Sanskrit & Ramayana a bit! He knew about Prakash Padukone while he didn’t know about Deepika though! He knew Nehru & Indira though he didn’t know Modi (about whom I educated him of course!!). He was in late forties & may be had these Indians covered in their school texts those days. I asked about any Indian things covered in their current school texts of his high school daughter. Negative was the answer.

Bollywood is also not common or popular. But few know it. I came across a guy @ our home stay who was very passionate about Bollywood songs and wanted to do a karaoke with us! But couldn’t catch up!

It is amazing to see how our Indians a millennium back had so much connection with these Java islands! The influence is deep in villages. May be the traders brought along the Ramayana, Mahabharata along. The locals were inspired and adopted the stories into their plays and festivities. Even today they say, in their villages some of these plays are played. That is more important to note, than the famous Ramayana Ballet at the backdrop of the Prambanan temple in Yogyakarta city. Because that has some government backing and support to retain the heritage. In the villages they have to do it of their own interest and needs local people backing and finance and a reason to keep it against the mullah’s diktats.

But with the Muslim domination & slow radicalization there, it is very hard for them to sustain and propagate local ancient culture by their generations. When I met the teacher @ the Ramayana Ballet, she was finding it hard to generate interest in the school kids to take up the Ballet. She was confident however & very passionate about the art. When I spoke to her and one of the actor in the Ballet, I found they don’t have the devotional feeling as we have here. They also don’t read it with academic, moralistic depth and interest. But they are passionate to preserve this as an art form.   

The guide I got @ the Prambanan temple was a Hindu. But he also said he declared himself a Muslim in the official records although he skips their rituals in his personal life. So I think the Hindus are suppressed. Some history says, they either converted or congregated in Bali island. In Bali they are in majority and also have kept their rituals alive. Here in Java islands, all temples are bereft of any Hindu or Buddhist rituals.  They just stand as mute testimony of their glorious past. The Dutch who ruled Indonesia over 2 centuries helped retain them as archeological evidences.

Prambanan Temple and Borobudur Temple


Borobudur temple is magnificent. An amazing sight to behold as you approach it. It has 10 stories to climb up to the top. Layer by layer you have stupas all around. All sitting Buddha statues. Many of them are unfortunately beheaded. The top most stupa is huge, impressive and is at the centre! But the Buddha inside is missing. Stolen away or destructed.

This temple is far away from the city of Yogya by about 50 miles. The guide said, it was completely covered in forest when a Dutch explorer chanced upon in his explorations. Then they made it a heritage centre. UNESCO recognizes it as the largest Buddhist temple in the world!! Such richness, harmony they possessed once upon a time!

Prambanan temple is in the city of Yogyakarta. It has 3 very large towers. It is 3 distinct temples for Brahma, Vinshnu & Maheshwara. The centre one is the large one which was for Maheshwara. The main Idol is not there inside. They are about 7 story building height. The Ramayana, Bhagavatha katha and Buddha Charita are carved on the outer walls of these temples. It is very detailed similar to those in our ancient temples in India. The entire temple complex used to house some 2 dozen temples. But not many of them remain now. Years of destruction and apathy has left them in this state. But at least now there is a heritage tag and protection by their archeology department.

In the backdrop of the temple, there is this world famous Ramayana Ballet is performed almost every other evening. We were lucky to witness it the day we went. It is one of the most beautiful Ramayana rendering I have seen. It is most exquisite. It is a world record that the Ballet is continuously been running for many decades now. Hanuman is called the White Monkey. The Lanka Dahan sets the stage afire literally. It is one of the best scenes. In their version it is Kumbhakarna who defects to join Rama.

The photo album of our trip to Singapore and Yogyakarta is here for reference:

One thing is sure, the ancient Indians surely were more outreaching, confident, explorative, & influential. Unlike Europeans, they went for trade and peacefully did that. They didn't grab anyone's freedom nor looted them. They didn't create inferiority minds there. They created peace & prosperity not just in our lands but in foreign lands.

Today we are down & negligent. But there is light. We are independent now. Slowly we are realizing our potential. India is raising its stature in world stage. We are making our foray through our own peaceful means. Tourism helps. Even middle class people like us can travel & meet the world. Business & trade is there. But most importantly, if we are able to retain & reward our art, culture, heritage then people will throng to India and appreciate our real soul.

Here are few snaps for the article: 







The magnificent Borobudur temple

I met a Tibetan Buddhist there. He was doing Parikrama of the great temple.  He lives in India as part of the contingent sheltered in India from their Chinese occupation and persecution in Tibet




This is a popular textile chain in Yogya! You find it in every corner of the main town & also along highways outskirts.  








The Prambanan Temple Complex. The main towers are 3 for Brahma, Vishnu Maheshwara. But several other temples also present. Some are destructed. 






Agasthya was popular here too!! 

Srivijaya who ruled from here is credited in history to have patronized these magnificent temple constructions. 




A Beautiful carving of Ganesha in one of the temples. No Pooja, no rituals allowed. 

Hinduism and Buddhism were most prominent until the Muslims invaded. Probably there was less resistance. And everyone converted to Isalm in Java Islands. And may be some people migrated to Bali and are retaining their Hindu culture there even now.